Conditions We Treat
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Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to make enough insulin (a hormone that helps give your cells energy), due to immune system antibodies targeted against the pancreas’ insulin-producing beta cells.
- Type 1 diabetes can begin at any age, but it usually shows up during childhood. Previously, it’s been called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes.
- Type 1 diabetes symptoms may include increased urination, thirst, weight loss, blurry vision, fatigue, and frequent infection.
- Insulin therapy helps manage the condition through injections on a continuous basis or insulin pump therapy.
- Pancreas transplants may offer hope for a cure in select patients.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, occurs when the body produces insulin, but either the pancreas doesn't make enough for the body or the body isn't able to use the insulin correctly due to insulin resistance.
- Type 2 diabetes typically develops during adulthood, but may also occur in people as young as teenagers.
- Type 2 diabetes symptoms may include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision and a tendency toward infections.
- Lifestyle changes (diabetic diet and exercise) and medication (including oral and injections) are common methods for managing diabetes.
Thyroid disorders
The thyroid gland controls the rate the body uses energy. Thyroid disorders include overactive thyroids (hyperthyroidism), underactive thyroids (hypothyroidism), thyroid cancer, thyroid nodules and goiters.
- Thyroid disorders are usually diagnosed through blood tests, imaging tests, thyroid scans and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.
- Hyperthyroidism occurs when the body makes too many thyroid hormones. Symptoms can include a fast heartbeat, increased appetite, anxiety and heat sensitivity. Graves’ disease is a common form of hyperthyroidism.
- Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't make enough hormones. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Adrenal Disorders
Adrenal hormone disorders generally fall into two categories: adrenal hormone overproduction or underproduction, and can be managed through medication and surgery.
- Cushing's syndrome is an adrenal hormone disorder where releases from the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, or other sources cause the body to produce too much cortisol. The disease is caused by a pituitary tumor, adrenal tumor, or ectopic tumors. Symptoms can include central body obesity, diabetes, abnormal weight gain, stretch marks, edema, and bruising.
- Addison's disease is too little cortisol production and is caused by immune anti-body deconstruction of adrenal hormone producing cells.
- Hyperaldosteronism is often associated with high blood pressure with low potassium levels. It is caused by too much production of aldosterone by one or both adrenal glands, a hormone that regulates salt and water balance. Androgen excess in women may be associated with abnormal hair growth and change in women's menstrual cycles.
Pituitary disorders
Pituitary disorders can be caused by a number of problems related to the pituitary gland, which is found at the base of the brain and regulates the other glands in the body.
- The pituitary gland is responsible for storing and secreting the hormones regulating body temperature, urine production, thyroid activity, sex hormone production, growth, breast milk production, and stress hormone production.
- Cushing's disease is a pituitary disorder where the pituitary gland releases too much ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).
- Acromegaly is a pituitary disorder where the body makes too much GH (growth hormone).
- Prolactinemia is a pituitary disorder where the pituitary gland makes too much prolactin.
- Empty sella is where the pituitary gland is smaller than normal or is missing.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare, inherited endocrine disorders where glands develop benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) tumors.