Peripheral Aneurysm

What Is a Peripheral Aneurysm?

A Peripheral Aneurysm is a bulging or weakened area in an artery outside the aorta, commonly found in the legs (popliteal artery), arms (brachial artery), or other peripheral arteries. Unlike aortic aneurysms, peripheral aneurysms are less likely to rupture but can still lead to serious complications such as blood clots, reduced circulation, and limb-threatening blockages.

Early detection is essential to prevent complications like limb ischemia, embolism, or aneurysm enlargement. Treatment varies based on aneurysm size, symptoms, and location and may include monitoring, minimally invasive stenting, or surgical repair.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing a Peripheral Aneurysm, including:

• Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup) – The most common cause of artery weakening.
• Smoking – A major risk factor for all vascular diseases.
• High blood pressure (hypertension) – Puts excess strain on artery walls.
• High cholesterol – Contributes to arterial plaque buildup.
• Trauma or prior vascular injury – Can weaken artery walls.
• Genetic disorders – Conditions like Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome increase the risk.
• Family history – Aneurysms can run in families.
• Aging – Risk increases with age, particularly over 60.

Understanding these risk factors can help identify those who may benefit from routine screenings.

Symptoms

Many Peripheral Aneurysms do not cause noticeable symptoms until they grow large enough to affect circulation or compress nearby structures. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Pain, cramping, or discomfort in the affected limb, especially with movement.
• A pulsating lump or mass under the skin near the aneurysm.
• Cool or numb extremities due to reduced blood flow.
• Leg or arm weakness or difficulty using the affected limb.
• Skin discoloration, ulcers, or non-healing wounds in the area.

If a blood clot forms inside the aneurysm and blocks blood flow, it can cause sudden pain, coldness, or tingling in the limb, requiring emergency treatment to prevent limb loss.

Treatment

Treatment for Peripheral Aneurysms depends on size, location, and the risk of complications.

Monitoring and Medical Management

For small, stable aneurysms, doctors may recommend:

• Regular imaging (ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans) to monitor growth.
• Medications to control blood pressure and cholesterol to reduce strain on artery walls.
• Lifestyle changes, including smoking cessation and regular exercise, to improve vascular health.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

For aneurysms that pose a risk of clotting or reduced blood flow, endovascular treatments may be recommended:

• Stent grafting – A small, flexible tube is placed inside the artery to reinforce the vessel and restore normal blood flow.
• Embolization therapy – Blocks blood flow to the aneurysm to prevent further enlargement.

Surgical Repair

For large or symptomatic aneurysms, open surgery may be required:

• Aneurysm bypass surgery – A graft is used to redirect blood flow around the aneurysm.
• Aneurysm resection – The aneurysm is surgically removed, and the artery is repaired.

AtlantiCare’s vascular experts specialize in the latest minimally invasive and surgical techniques, ensuring the best possible outcomes with shorter recovery times whenever possible.

Prevention

While not all Peripheral Aneurysms can be prevented, there are steps to reduce risk and slow progression:

• Manage blood pressure & cholesterol – Reduces stress on the arteries.
• Quit smoking – One of the most effective ways to prevent aneurysm formation and growth.
• Exercise regularly – Supports healthy circulation and arterial strength.
• Eat a heart-healthy diet – Prioritize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Control diabetes – Helps prevent vascular complications.
• Know your family history – If aneurysms run in your family, discuss screening with your doctor.
• Routine screenings – Imaging tests can detect aneurysms early before they cause serious issues.

Taking proactive steps to maintain vascular health can help prevent serious complications and improve overall circulation.