Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA)

What is a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm?

A Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) is a weakened, bulging area in the upper portion of the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. TAAs can grow over time, and if left untreated, they may rupture or dissect (tear), causing life-threatening internal bleeding.

Since many TAAs develop without symptoms, early detection through screening is critical for preventing complications. Treatment may involve monitoring, medication, minimally invasive endovascular repair, or surgery, depending on the size and growth of the aneurysm.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm, including:

• High blood pressure (hypertension) – Puts extra stress on the aortic wall.
• Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup) – Weakens artery walls over time.
• Smoking – A leading cause of aortic damage and aneurysm formation.
• Genetic conditions – Disorders like Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and bicuspid aortic valve disease increase the risk.
• Family history – Aneurysms can run in families, especially if a parent or sibling has had one.
• Aging – The risk increases after age 60, particularly in men.
• Previous aortic injury or surgery – Trauma or past procedures can weaken the aorta.

Understanding your risk factors can help determine if screening or preventive measures are needed.

Symptoms

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms often develop silently, but as they grow, they may cause:

• Chest, back, or upper abdominal pain (often persistent or deep)
• Shortness of breath
• Hoarseness or difficulty swallowing (if the aneurysm presses on nearby structures)
• Coughing or wheezing
• A noticeable pulsing sensation in the chest

If a TAA ruptures or dissects, it becomes a medical emergency with symptoms such as:

• Sudden, severe chest or upper back pain (sharp, tearing, or ripping)
• Difficulty breathing
• Loss of consciousness
• Rapid pulse and low blood pressure

Seek emergency care immediately if you or someone else experiences these symptoms.

Treatment

The goal of treatment for a Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm is to prevent rupture or dissection while minimizing risks. The best approach depends on the size, location, and growth rate of the aneurysm.

Monitoring and Medical Management

For small aneurysms that are not growing rapidly, doctors may recommend:

• Regular imaging (CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound) to track size and changes.
• Blood pressure and cholesterol management to reduce stress on the aortic wall.
• Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and exercise.

Minimally Invasive Treatment

For larger or fast-growing aneurysms, minimally invasive endovascular repair may be needed:

• Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (TEVAR) – A stent graft is placed inside the aorta using a catheter, reinforcing the artery wall and reducing rupture risk.

Surgical Repair

If the aneurysm is too large or ineligible for TEVAR, traditional open surgery may be required:

• Open Aneurysm Repair – The damaged portion of the aorta is replaced with a synthetic graft to restore strength and stability.

AtlantiCare’s vascular specialists provide leading-edge treatments, ensuring the best possible outcomes with the least invasive approach whenever possible.

Prevention

While not all Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can help reduce risk:

• Manage blood pressure and cholesterol – Keeps artery walls strong and flexible.
• Quit smoking – Smoking is a major risk factor for aortic disease.
• Stay active – Regular exercise supports heart and vascular health.
• Eat a heart-healthy diet – Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Control diabetes – Proper blood sugar management helps maintain healthy blood vessels.
• Know your family history – If you have a close relative with an aneurysm, discuss screening options with your doctor.
• Routine screenings – Individuals at high risk should undergo imaging tests to detect aneurysms early before complications arise.

Early detection is the key to preventing serious complications, and AtlantiCare’s vascular team is here to provide expert guidance and care every step of the way.