Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. These clots can partially or completely block blood flow, leading to pain, swelling, and potentially serious complications. One of the biggest concerns with DVP is the potential for serious complications, which can occur if a clot grows or moves elsewhere in the body.

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the risk of developing DVT, including:

• Prolonged immobility – Long periods of sitting or lying down (such as during long flights, bed rest, or hospitalization).
• Surgery or injury – Especially orthopedic procedures or trauma that reduces mobility.
• Blood clotting disorders – Genetic or acquired conditions that increase clot formation.
• Cancer and cancer treatments – Some cancers and chemotherapy drugs raise clotting risk.
• Pregnancy and postpartum period – Increased blood volume and hormonal changes can contribute to clot formation.
• Obesity – Excess weight puts added pressure on veins.
• Smoking – Damages blood vessels and raises the risk of clot formation.
• Birth control pills or hormone therapy – Can increase clotting tendencies.
• Family history of DVT or pulmonary embolism – Genetic predisposition plays a role.

Understanding these risk factors can help identify high-risk individuals and promote early intervention.

Symptoms

DVT symptoms can vary, and some people may not experience noticeable signs. However, common symptoms include:

• Swelling in one leg, often in the calf or thigh
• Pain or tenderness in the affected leg, especially when walking or standing
• Warmth in the swollen area
• Skin discoloration, redness, or bluish tint
• Leg cramps, typically in the calf

These symptoms may indicate a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Treatment

Treatment for DVT focuses on preventing clot growth, relieving symptoms and reducing the risk of long-term vein damage e.g., post-thrombotic syndrome, or PTS.

Medications and Lifestyle Management

For most DVT patients, blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) are the first line of treatment:

• Anticoagulants (blood thinners) – Reduce the ability of blood to clot and prevent existing clots from growing.
• Compression stockings – Help reduce swelling and improve blood circulation.
• Leg elevation and mobility – Keeps blood moving and prevents clot formation.
• Lifestyle modifications – Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying active can support vein health.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

In severe cases, minimally invasive treatments may be necessary to remove or dissolve the clot:

• Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis – A clot-dissolving medication is delivered directly to the clot via a thin tube (catheter).
• Thrombectomy – A procedure that physically removes the clot to restore normal blood flow.
• IVC Filter Placement – A small device implanted in the inferior vena cava (IVC) to catch blood clots before they reach the lungs (used in patients who cannot take blood thinners).

At AtlantiCare, our vascular specialists offer advanced treatment options to reduce DVT risks and prevent serious complications.

Prevention

Preventing DVT is especially important for individuals at higher risk. Steps to reduce the chances of developing a blood clot include:

• Stay active – Avoid prolonged sitting; take breaks to stretch and move.
• Wear compression stockings – Helps improve circulation, especially for at-risk individuals.
• Stay hydrated – Proper hydration prevents blood thickening.
• Quit smoking – Smoking increases clot risk and damages blood vessels.
• Manage weight and exercise regularly – Helps maintain healthy circulation.
• Know your risk factors – Discuss screening and prevention strategies with a healthcare provider if you have a personal or family history of clotting disorders.

If you are at risk for DVT due to limited mobility, recent surgery, or a history of clotting disorders, your doctor may recommend preventive strategies such as movement exercises, compression therapy, or medications to support circulation.