Varicose Veins

What are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that develop when vein valves weaken or fail, allowing blood to pool instead of flowing properly back to the heart. They most commonly appear on the legs and feet and may be blue, purple, or bulging under the skin.

While often considered a cosmetic concern, varicose veins can cause pain, swelling, and discomfort. In more severe cases, they may lead to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), skin ulcers, or blood clots.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing varicose veins, including:

• Family history – Genetics play a major role in vein health.
• Prolonged standing or sitting – Jobs requiring long periods of immobility can weaken veins.
• Aging – Vein walls and valves naturally weaken over time.
• Pregnancy – Increased blood volume and hormonal changes put extra pressure on veins.
• Obesity – Excess weight increases strain on the vascular system.
• Hormonal changes – Birth control pills or hormone therapy may contribute to vein dilation.
• Lack of physical activity – Regular movement helps support circulation.
• Previous vein damage or blood clots – Prior vein injuries can disrupt normal blood flow.

While anyone can develop varicose veins, women are more likely to experience them due to hormonal changes.

Symptoms

Varicose veins may cause mild discomfort to significant pain and circulation issues. Common symptoms include:

• Bulging, twisted, or discolored veins visible under the skin
• Aching, throbbing, or heaviness in the legs
• Swelling in the lower legs and ankles
• Itching or burning sensations around the veins
• Leg cramps, especially at night
• Skin discoloration or thickening (a sign of chronic venous insufficiency)
• Slow-healing sores or ulcers (in severe cases)

Symptoms often worsen after standing or sitting for long periods and may improve when the legs are elevated.

Treatment

Treatment for varicose veins focuses on improving circulation, relieving discomfort, and preventing complications. Options range from conservative management to minimally invasive procedures depending on severity.

Lifestyle and Medical Management

For mild to moderate cases, lifestyle changes can help reduce symptoms and slow progression:

• Compression stockings – Help support veins and improve blood flow.
• Leg elevation – Reduces swelling and discomfort.
• Regular exercise – Walking and low-impact activities improve circulation.
• Weight management – Reduces strain on veins.
• Avoid prolonged sitting or standing – Take breaks to move regularly.

Minimally Invasive Treatments

For persistent or painful varicose veins, non-surgical treatments may be recommended:

• Sclerotherapy – A chemical injection shrinks and closes small to medium-sized varicose veins.
• Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT) or Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) – Uses heat to seal off damaged veins.
• Microphlebectomy – Small incisions remove varicose veins close to the surface.

Surgical Options

For severe cases, surgical treatments may be necessary:

• Vein stripping and ligation – Removes large, problematic veins.
• Bypass surgery – Used for cases where blood flow needs to be rerouted.

AtlantiCare’s vascular specialists use the latest techniques to provide effective, minimally invasive treatments for varicose veins, ensuring faster recovery and long-term relief.

Prevention

While varicose veins cannot always be prevented, steps can be taken to reduce the risk and slow progression:

• Stay active – Walking and stretching promote healthy circulation.
• Avoid prolonged standing or sitting – Change positions frequently to keep blood moving.
• Wear compression stockings – Helps support veins and prevent blood pooling.
• Maintain a healthy weight – Reduces pressure on the veins.
• Elevate legs when resting – Encourages better circulation and reduces swelling.
• Stay hydrated – Proper hydration supports vein elasticity and circulation.
• Avoid high heels and tight clothing – These can restrict blood flow.

Taking early steps to improve circulation and vein health can help prevent worsening symptoms and complications.